Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

Syntax

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

Semantics

The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）

The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

Phonetics