When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

In marine voyage chartering， the following（）terms are normally appeared in the voyage charter party.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

Under the FCA Term， if the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods， the（）is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.

The Bareboat Chartering means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the Charterer for a certain period employment without any crew.

On traffic lanes where demand is strong and plane capacity is limited， the air rates will be （）and vice versa for traffic lanes where supply exceeds demand.

Consolidation can benefit all concerned.For exporters and shippers， they get the benefit of（）than they would have normally paid to the carrier.

For transport of hazardous materials， truckers need a licence， which usually requires them to pass an exam.

In（）the bunker is payable by the shipowner.

In consolidation service， it is usually the consignor who issues to each consignee his bill of lading.