In modern times，the work of stowage is generally deputed to stevedores，but that does not generally relieve the shipowners（）their duties even though the stevedores are，under the charter-party，to be appointed by the Charterers.

Sacrifices to meet the particular emergency，such as loss of the ship’s tackle through using it for unusual purposes in order to secure her safety in specially difficult circumstances，（）the subject of a general average contribution.

The danger，the sacrifice or expenditure to which is the subject of general average，must be in fact（）.

Deviation changes with a change in（）.

The Shipowner cannot claim contribution from（）if，after general average expenditure has been incurred，the ship and cargo are lost before the conclusion of the voyage.

The deviation ordered by the Admiralty for strategic reasons in wartime（）to a general average act，because the masters obeying the order had no opportunity of exercising their own judgment or discretion.

It becomes a common practice to insert a clause in the bills of lading for vessels trading to and from the United States，expressly declaring（）the Shipowner could recover in general average in the event of negligence，provided that due diligence has been exercised to make the ship in all respects seaworthy.

If，by refusing to name a place of discharge，the Charterer prevents the Shipowner from earning freight，（）will have to pay it as damages for breach of contract.

The invariable result of（）average is that the loss falls on the owner of the particular property which has suffered the damage，whether that damage was due to deliberate sacrifice or to an accident.

Loss or damage caused by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have been previously carried away or are effectively lost by accident shall not be made（）as general average．